The World Summit for Social Development is testimony to the failure of our current development paradigm to provide for the security and well-being of the peoples and nations of both the North and the South. At the heart of this failed model is a deeply materialistic view of the purpose and fundamental nature of the individual and society.

Meeting material needs; providing all with education; fashioning democratic institutions and legal codes at every level of our world society to promote economic and social justice -- all these are essential elements of a universal development paradigm for the 21^st century, but they are not sufficient.

Until both the material and the spiritual needs and aspirations of individuals are acknowledged, development efforts will largely continue to fail. Human happiness, security and well-being, social cohesion, and economic justice are not mere by-products of material success. Rather, they emerge from a complex and dynamic interplay between the satisfaction of material and social needs and the spiritual fulfillment of the individual.

By linking material progress with fundamental spiritual aspirations, by appealing to those universal values which enable the individual to transcend narrow self-interest, the peoples of the world can be empowered to translate high-minded ideals and principles into constructive, sustained actions for their own well-being and the betterment of their communities.

Thus, a paradigm of development that seeks to promote global prosperity must take into account both the spiritual and material natures of the individual and society, while responding to the increasing interdependence of the peoples and nations of the planet. The Baha'i­ Writings anticipate the emergence of a new development paradigm as the regions of the world "unite to give each other what is lacking. This union," we are assured, "will bring about a true civilization, where the spiritual is expressed and carried out in the material."

The Baha'i­ International Community believes that the Declaration and Programme of Action can contribute significantly to true social development for the 21^st century if they address both the material and the spiritual needs and aspirations of the people of the world.

The increasing disparity between the rich and the poor is a major de-stabilizing influence in the world. It produces or exacerbates regional and national conflicts, environmental degradation, crime and violence, and the use of illicit drugs. These consequences of extreme poverty increasingly force themselves on our attention. As the United Nations Secretary-General states in his Agenda for Development, "The effects of deprivation, disease and strife in one part of the globe are felt everywhere." Increasingly we are becoming aware that as members of a single human family, we are all touched in some way by the suffering of every human being. Until that suffering is alleviated, no member of the family can be fully happy or at ease. The Special Rapporteur, Mr. Leandro Despouy, argues persuasively in his report (E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/19) that "at this juncture the fight against poverty concerns all of humanity."

The Baha'i­ approach to the problem of extreme poverty is based on the application of spiritual principles. The economic relationships of a society reflect the values of its members. Therefore, to transform those relationships man's character must be transformed. Until justice is valued over greed, the gap between the rich and the poor will continue to widen, and the dream of sustainable economic growth, peace and prosperity will elude our grasp. Sensitizing mankind to the vital role of spiritual values in solving economic problems will, we are convinced, create a new impetus for change.

In his Agenda for Development Mr. Boutros Ghali calls for development with a human face. "Development" he points out, "has to be oriented towards each person in the world" and must recognize a "human community." Indeed, a new economic order can be founded only on a vision of community that is world embracing and on an unshakable conviction of the oneness of mankind. When discussions aimed at solving problems related to extreme poverty are based on the premise that we are one human family, they rapidly expand beyond current economic constructs. They demand a wider context, one which anticipates the emergence of a global system of relationships resting on the principles of equity and justice.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that everyone is entitled to a standard of living adequate to provide for the health and well-being of oneself and one's family. Baha'i­s believe a reordering of economic relationships can make an adequate standard of living universally attainable. The economic system anticipated in the Baha'i­ Writings, although it will no doubt resemble the present system in many ways, will have significant points of distinction.

Let us take as an example the Baha'i­ view of income distribution, which allows for differences but would eliminate both extreme wealth and extreme poverty. The accumulation of excessive fortunes by a small number of individuals while the masses are in need is, according to Baha'i­ teachings, an intolerable injustice. Moderation should, therefore, be established by means of laws and regulations that would limit personal wealth and provide everyone with access to the means for living a dignified life.

The Baha'i­ writings anticipate the development of communities in which the well-being of every member is the concern of the community as a whole. The center of such a community would include social service institutions which afford relief to the suffering, sustenance to the poor, shelter to the wayfarer, solace to the bereaved, and education to the ignorant. Citing the philosophy of the UNCTAD Permanent Commission to Alleviate Poverty, Mr. Despouy asserts in his report that the "fight against poverty... is in the interest of all, poor and rich, givers and beneficiaries, at a national or an international stage."

Both the responsibility and the right to work are sacred. Idleness and begging have no place in a well-functioning society, while work performed in the spirit of service is elevated to the station of worship. The Special Rapporteur states that "the poorest, in general, in their capacity as citizens, are neither associated to the decision making process nor are they allowed to exercise responsibilities within the community. "This situation is unacceptable, given that a fundamental purpose of life is to contribute to the advancement of civilization. Thus the right to work takes on a spiritual dimension, and the responsibility to be productive applies to everyone.

The belief in the sacredness of work and service profoundly influences the Baha'i­ approach to social and economic development. Communities are encouraged to identify their own needs and initiate their own projects. These locally initiated projects, many of which focus on alleviating poverty, are based in moral values and encourage service to the community as a whole.

In India, for example, the Vocational Institute for Rural Women in Indore, established by Baha'i­s in the state of Madhya Pradesh and supported by the national Baha'i­ community, offers free literacy and vocational training for underprivileged young women in the region. Reaching out to impoverished villages in a wide area, the Institute emphasizes training in locally useful and marketable skills. It has been observed that when the young women return to their villages, they affect their entire community, largely as a result of the moral education they have received at the institute. The acquisition of virtues not only helps them become positive influences on their families and friends, it makes them better business people. Such moral principles as honesty and trustworthiness are quite practical, in that they are essential for the success of cooperative enterprises.

In Bolivia a project in the Chaco region strives to uplift and empower a long-ignored population of impoverished farmers through an integrated program of technical training, community organization, and spiritual ideas. The goal is to cultivate self-sufficiency through community awareness in order to reduce dependency on outside aid and advice. The Baha'i­ International Community believes that fostering grass-roots initiative is essential to the elimination of poverty. The concept of uplifting and empowering individuals and communities has both moral and educational implications which demand profound study.

The Baha'i­ International Community would like to take this opportunity to thank the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Leandro Despouy, for his interim report on human rights and extreme poverty. We hope to contribute to his future studies.

Mr. Chairman,

A. UN Secretary General's Report

We note with appreciation the Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the General Review of Arrangements for Consultations with Non-Governmental Organizations. It clearly identifies several important issues to be addressed in the review process. The Baha'i International Community would like to offer its views on a few of the issues raised in that report.

B. Adequacy of Council Resolution 1296

In light of our experience, Council Resolution 1296 has been adequate to regulate the arrangements for consultations between NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and the UN at meetings called by ECOSOC (United Nations Economic and Social Council) and its subsidiary bodies. Although in general it is as relevant today as it was twenty-five years ago, a few articles need to be updated to reflect present day reality.

The resolution does not, however, address the question of how NGOs can participate in meetings called by the General Assembly or other non-ECOSOC entities of the United Nations System. This lack of formal arrangements has resulted in a wide range of confusing and contradictory approaches to NGO participation in non-ECOSOC meetings, which warrants the attention of the Working Group. In our view, all United Nations conferences need to have a common framework which would maximize the number and diversity of NGOs able to participate.

Let us take, for example, the participation of NGOs in the area of human rights. It may be recalled that the Second World Conference on Human Rights was held in Vienna, Austria, in June 1993. A quarter of a century had elapsed since the First World Conference on Human Rights was held in Tehran, Iran, in 1968. The Baha'i International Community was pleased to note that the NGO Forum was made accessible to close to 1500 NGOs from all parts of the world (the Conference close to 900). By contrast, in 1994 at the fiftieth session of the Commission on Human Rights, which, like the Sub-Commission on the Protection of Minorities, meets yearly, only about 150 NGOs, most with consultative status, participated. Although fewer in number, the NGOs with consultative status are able to participate in the on-going substantive work of the Commission all year round. Therefore, accreditation for regular consultative status should not be confused with accreditation to once- or twice-in-a-lifetime conferences called by the UN.

Moreover, the Open-ended Working Group may wish to note that most of the functional commissions of ECOSOC -- notably the Commission on the Status of Women and the Commission on Human Rights -- have been functioning, in our view, reasonably well under the guidelines of Council Resolution 1296. It may be prudent, therefore, when devising regulations for such bodies as the Commission on Sustainable Development that might require special arrangements, to allow other commissions to function under the framework of the rules of Resolution 1296 with only the adjustments necessary for that commission.

C. The Right of NGOs to be Consulted at the Regional and National Level

Mr. Chairman, NGOs are organized and operate at every level of society -- local, national, regional and international. At every level of society, the same issues of concern to civic society are addressed. Hence, the Working Group might wish to examine what is the scope, form of organization and activities of NGOs that might qualify to be heard at the international level. By the same token, how can NGOs at the local, national and regional levels be consulted by the UN on issues in which they are competent and have something unique to contribute?

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), its functional Commissions and other United Nations bodies such as UNDP, WHO and others, might wish to consider initiating consultations in a more systematic way with national and regional NGOs in their own surroundings so as to facilitate more broad-based input into their respective proceedings.

As a starter, the United Nations might encourage, nay facilitate, the participation of regional and national NGOs in meetings of the UN Regional Commissions located on all the continents as well as in regional preparatory meetings for global conferences. The Commission on Human Rights might also be well advised to require Special Rapporteurs and Representatives to consult with appropriate local, national and regional NGOs in their area of concern when they are compiling their reports. Some reports are country specific, while others are global in scope. Rapporteurs and Special Representatives should make known ahead of time their schedule of work and when they plan to be in a given country or region. In that way interested NGOs might be able to make their presentations in person or send their written submissions on time without having to travel to New York or Geneva.

D. Access to Non-ECOSOC United Nations Meetings

Consultative status for NGOs, now confined to ECOSOC, needs to be extended to the entire UN system. Recent trends at the UN suggest an increasing role for the Security Council in the protection and promotion of Human Rights. In some instances Special Representatives have submitted their reports to the Security Council before submitting them to the Commission on Human Rights, the body that mandated the study in the first place. NGO input can, of course, be channeled through the Special Rapporteurs; however, the Open-ended Working Group may wish to explore how relevant NGOs might be allowed to attend open sessions of the Security Council as observers.

Moreover, in light of discussions about restructuring the UN, what would happen to NGO participation if ECOSOC goes out of existence? What will happen if a new body, such as a Social and Economic Security Council materializes? In view of the above, it is perhaps prudent to consider the consultative status of NGOs to the UN as a whole, rather than to ECOSOC only.

Many international NGOs already participate in the work of the General Assembly and its committees. Yet, they have been doing this on the basis of their consultative status with ECOSOC. The Open-ended Working Group may wish to address this reality.

E. Participation in Drafting Groups

The Open-ended Working Group might wish to consider the question of the participation of NGOs in drafting groups at UN World conferences and ECOSOC-called meetings. In our view, it is beneficial if NGOs can sit as observers when a drafting group meets. The work of drafting groups in any UN conference needs to be transparent, with a timely sharing of information with the UN community at every stage in the drafting process.

We are most encouraged by the way the Open-ended Working Group on the Review of Arrangements for Consultation with NGOs has been operating. Perhaps, given the sensitive and able leadership of its chairman, this working group might set an example by inviting NGOs to participate in the final drafting of its findings and recommendations to ECOSOC.

F. Grouping NGO Contributions by Theme or Region

It should be noted that the current tendency to group NGOs by theme or region might hamper the NGO contribution to the work of the UN. In some situations, the quality and originality of a proposal is more important than the number of NGOs supporting it. Hence, in our view, both individual and group presentations should be allowed so that one can get a unique point of view as well as the consensus thinking about a given issue.

G. Establishment of a Voluntary Fund for NGO Input to the UN System

UN budget constraints have resulted in the gradual reduction of UN Secretariat services to the NGO Community. The publication of NGO statements as official UN documents has in the past assured their circulation to member states in the appropriate language. This practice in some situations has been suspended, putting the burden of preparing and translating documents on NGOs. This effectively bars meaningful NGO input, especially from the South because of the limited resources NGOs in those regions have.

It might perhaps be wise to establish a Trust Fund to which interested governments and other institutions, including NGOs, might contribute. This fund could help finance the translation and production in electronic or print form of those statements that fall strictly within the guidelines of council resolution 1296 or any successor regulation.

This fund might later be expanded to subsidize the participation of NGOs from the South in UN international fora. This in a way is being done now on an ad hoc basis. It could, however, be institutionalized.

H. NGO Increased Access to UN Conferences and Premises and Strengthening of the NGO Unit of the UN Secretariat

It is futile to talk about increasing NGO access to the UN without making arrangements to provide the logistical support to go with it. It has been noted time and again that the NGO Unit within the Secretariat has been told to handle more and more NGOs without being given the additional resources necessary to discharge its duties. The end result is that NGOs with Consultative status cannot get the efficient and timely services to which they are entitled.

Moreover, the physical seating arrangements are unsatisfactory. When one advocates an increase in NGO participation at meetings, it is also prudent to prepare adequate seating arrangements. In reality, in many of the conferences there has been a net decrease and not an increase in this vital logistical requirement.

Finally, in the name of security concerns, there have been arbitrary restrictions in access to the UN normally accorded to NGOs. Although, security needs to be taken into consideration, restricting the number of passes and limiting the places where NGOs can be admitted have curtailed effective NGO participation in many activities taking place on the grounds of the UN. Access by Consultative NGOs to the plenary session of the UN General Assembly, especially during the general debate, is now almost impossible and we hope the Open-ended Working Group will also address these issues.

In conclusion, the Baha'i International Community and its affiliates in 170 countries and territories, with over 20,000 organized local communities, are prepared to assist in the on-going review by the Working Group, be it at the international, regional, national or local level.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Working Group on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National, Ethnic, Religious, and Linguistic Minorities

• 2/90 Geneva
• 2/91 Geneva
• 12/91 Geneva

Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities

• 8/90 42nd Session, Geneva [3 statements]
• 8/91 43^rd session, Geneva [2 statements]
• 8/92 44^th session, Geneva [1 statement]
• 8/93 45^th session, Geneva [2 statements]

Pre-sessional Working Group on Indigenous Populations

• 7/90 Geneva [2 statements]
• 7/91 Geneva
• 7/92 Geneva
• 7/93 Geneva

Commission on Social Development

• 2/91 32^nd Session, Vienna [1 statement]

Commission on the Status of Women

• 3/90 34^th session, Vienna [2 statements]
• 3/91 35^th session, Vienna [2 statements]
• 3/92 36^th session, Vienna [3 statements]
• 3/93 37^th session, Vienna [2 statements]

Commission on Sustainable Development

• 6/93 1^st session, New York [1 statement]

Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)

• 1990 25^th session, Addis Ababa
• 1991 26^th session, Addis Ababa
• 1992 27^th session, Addis Ababa

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

• 1990 Caracas
• 1991 Mexico City
• 1992 Santiago

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

• 1990 46^th session, Bangkok
• 1991 47^th session, Seoul
• 1992 48^th session, Beijing
• 1993 49^th session, Bangkok

2. United Nations System Meetings Other Than ECOSOC

UN High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) -- Executive Committee

• 1990 41^st session, Geneva
• 1991 42^nd Session, Geneva
• 1992 43^rd session, Geneva
• 1993 44^th session, Geneva

UNICEF Executive Board

• 1990 New York
• 1991 New York [1 statement]
• 1992 New York
• 1993 New York

UN Environment Programme Governing Council

• 1990 Special Session, Nairobi
• 1991 Regular Session, Nairobi
• 1992 Special Session, Nairobi

World Health Assembly

• 1990 43^rd session, Geneva
• 1991 44^th session, Geneva
• 1992 45^th session, Geneva
• 1993 46^th session, Geneva

WHO Executive Board

• 1990 85^th session, Geneva
• 1991 87^th session, Geneva
• 1992 89^th session, Geneva
• 1993 91^st session, Geneva

Third Committee of the UN General Assembly

• 1990 45^th session, New York
• 1991 46^th session, New York
• 1992 47^th session, New York
• 1993 48^th session, New York

3. United Nations Conferences and Special Meetings by Topic

3.1 Education/Health

• 1990 World Conference on Education for All by the Year 2000, sponsored by UNESCO, UNICEF, and the World Bank, Jomtien, Thailand, March 1990. [4 statements; 1 survey]
• 1990 UNESCO-IBE (International Bureau of Education) 42nd International Conference on Education, Geneva, Switzerland, September 1990.
• 1991 UNESCO Sub-Regional Meeting on Literacy in Francophone Africa, Porto Novo, Benin, October 1991.
• 1991 UNESCO International Consultative Forum on Education for All by the Year 2000, Paris, December 1991.
• 1992 UN Conference on Education, Dhaka, Bangladesh, February 1992.
• 1992 UNESCO Meeting on "Action Strategies for Meeting Basic Literacy Needs," Santiago, Chile, April 1992.
• 1992 UNESCO-International Bureau of Education (IBE) Conference on Education, Geneva, September 1992.

3.2 Environment/Development

• 1990 The Bergen Conference, a regional preparatory meeting for the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) Bergen, Norway, May 1990.
• 1990 First Preparatory Committee (PREPCOM) for the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Nairobi, August 1990. [1 statement]
• 1990 ESCAP/NGO Media Symposium on Communication for Environment Bangkok, Thailand, October 1990.
• 1990 World Climate Conference sponsored by World Meteorological Organization (WMO), UNEP, UNESCO, FAO, and the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) Second Ministerial session, Geneva, November 1990.
• 1991 The Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1^st session, Washington, DC, USA, February 1991.
• 1991 Second Preparatory Committee (PREPCOM) for the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Geneva, April 1991. [2 statements]
• 1991 Third Preparatory Committee (PREPCOM) for the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Geneva, August 1991. [1 statement]
• 1991 UNCTAD Trade and Development Meeting, Geneva, September 1991.
• 1992 Fourth Preparatory Committee (PREPCOM) for the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), New York, April 1992. [1 statement; 2 comments]
• 1992 Earth Summit/UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Rio de Janeiro, June 1992. [1 statement; 5 other contributions]
• 1992 Preparatory Committee for the International Conference on Nutrition, Geneva, August 1992.
• 1992 Expanded Programme on Immunization (Week Study Course), Geneva, September 1992.
• 1992 United Nations International Conference on Nutrition, Rome, December 1992.

3.3 Human Rights

• 1990 UN Asian/Pacific Workshop on International Human Rights Issues, Manila, Philippines, May 1990.
• 1990 Second UN Conference on the Least Developed Countries (UNCTAD), Paris, France, September 1990.
• 1990 UN International Seminar on Political, Historical, Economic, Social and Cultural Factors Contributing to Racism, Racial Discrimination and Apartheid, Geneva, December 1990.
• 1991 UN Consultation on the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Geneva, May 1991.
• 1991 First Preparatory Committee of the UN World Conference on Human Rights, Geneva, September 1991. [1 statement]
• 1992 Second Preparatory Committee of the UN World Conference on Human Rights, Geneva, March 1992. [2 statements]
• 1992 Third Preparatory Committee of the UN World Conference eon Human Rights, Geneva, September 1992.
• 1992 Regional Meeting for Africa, UN World Conference on Human Rights, Tunis, Tunisia, November 1992.
• 1993 UN Seminar on appropriate indicators to measure achievements in the progressive realization of economic, social and cultural rights, Geneva, January 1993.
• 1993 Regional Meeting for Latin America and the Caribbean, UN World Conference on Human Rights, San José, Costa Rica, January 1993.
• 1993 Regional Meeting for Asia, UN World Conference on Human Rights, Bangkok, Thailand, March 1993.
• 1993 Fourth Preparatory Committee of the UN World Conference on Human Rights, Geneva, April 1993.
• 1993 United Nations World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna, June 1993. [4 statements]
• 1993 UN Seminar on appropriate indicators to measure achievements in the progressive realization of economic, social and cultural rights, Geneva, December 1993.

3.4 Women/Family

• 1990 UN World Summit on Children, New York, September 1990. [1 report]
• 1991 ESCAP South Asian and Pacific Ministerial Conference on Social Welfare and Social Development, Manila, October 1991.
• 1991 UN Regional Symposium on Co-operation between ESCAP and NGOs for Rural Poverty Alleviation, Bangkok, Thailand, December 1991. [1 report]

4. Meetings and Conferences to Support UN Initiatives in the Areas of Education; Environment/Development; Human Rights; Peace; UN; and Women and Family

4.1 Education/Health

• 1990 Fourth Regional Workshop on Health Education, Noumea, New Caledonia, November 1990.
• 1990 Book Voyage presentation to the UN Secretary-General for International Literacy Year, New York, December 1990.
• 1990 7^th session of the UNESCO Collective Consultation of NGOs on Literacy and Adult Education; Hamburg, Germany, December 1990.
• 1991 International Task Force on Literacy, Bonn, Germany, February 1991. [2 reports]
• 1991 NGO Regional Consultation on Education for All, Santiago, Chile, April 1991.
• 1991 Committee of Representatives of Governments and Administrations (CRGA) of the South Pacific Commission (SPC), Noumea, New Caledonia, May 1991. [1 statement]
• 1991 NGO Media Symposium, Manila, October 1991.
• 1991 UNICEF/NGO Forum on Local and Global Child Development, Kadoma, Zimbabwe, November 1991.
• 1991 8^th session of the UNESCO Collective Consultation of NGOs on Literacy and Adult Education; Paris, December 1991.
• 1992 NGO Regional Consultation on Education for All, Santiago, Chile, April 1992.
• 1992 Conference of the South Pacific Commission, October 1992.
• 1992 9^th session of the UNESCO Collective Consultation of NGOs on Literacy and Adult Education, December 1992.

4.2 Environment/Development

• 1990 Danube Meeting, a regional NGO preparatory meeting for UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Budapest, March 1990.
• 1990 Landegg Academy's Youth Symposium, "The Environment: Protecting Our Birthright," Landegg, Switzerland, April 1990.
• 1990 North American Conference On Religion and Ecology (NACRE) Washington, D. C., USA, May 1990.
• 1990 7^th Informal Consultation on Cooperation with NGOs in the WHO Programme on Prevention and Control of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Geneva, May 1990.
• 1990 International NGO/Primary Health Group, Geneva, May 1990.
• 1990 ECO '92 Public Forum, sponsored by the Centre For Our Common Future with the UNCED Secretariat, Nairobi, August 1990.
• 1990 World Congress of Local Governments for a Sustainable Future (sponsored by UNEP, the International Union of Local Authorities and the Center for Innovative Diplomacy, New York, September 1990.
• 1990 Earth & Spirit Conference, Seattle, Washington, October 1990.
• 1990 Citizen's Consultation On The UN Conference on Environment and Development, Washington, D. C., USA, October 1990.
• 1990 General Assembly of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), Perth, Australia, November 1990. [1 statement]
• 1991 ECO '92 Public Forum, sponsored by the Centre For Our Common Future with the UNCED Secretariat, Mexico City, March 1991.
• 1991 Seminar on the UN World Decade for Cultural Development sponsored by the NGO Committee for Sustainable Development and UNESCO, New York City, May 1991. [1 statement]
• 1991 Women and Children First, Geneva, May 1991.
• 1991 International NGO Planning Meeting for UNCED, Rio de Janeiro, May 1991.
• 1991 International NGO/Primary Health Group, Geneva, May 1991.
• 1991 NGOs and Social Movements Event Planning Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, June 1991.
• 1991 ECO '92 Public Forum, sponsored by the Centre For Our Common Future with the UNCED Secretariat, Moscow, June 1991.
• 1991 World Women's Congress for a Healthy Planet, Miami, Florida, USA, August 1991. [1 statement]
• 1991 International Environmental Law Conference, The Hague, August 1991. [1 statement]
• 1991 Preparatory Meeting of Religious Communities on UNCED and the Earth Charter, organized by the World Council of Churches, Geneva, August 1991.
• 1991 Rio International Conference on Environmental Law, Rio de Janeiro, October 1991.
• 1991 Globescope Americas Assembly, organized by the Global Tomorrow Coalition, Florida, USA, October 1991.
• 1991 Global Assembly of Women and the Environment: Partners in Life sponsored by UNEP and WWF, Florida, USA, November 1991.
• 1991 The Role of Agriculture in a Changing World, Landegg Academy, Switzerland, November 1991.
• 1991 International Youth Preparatory Committee for YOUTH '92, San José, Costa Rica, November 1991.
• 1992 Second Global Structures Convocation organized by a coalition of NGOs, Washington, DC, USA, February 1992.
• 1992 ECO '92 Public Forum, sponsored by the Centre For Our Common Future with the UNCED Secretariat, New York City, February 1992.
• 1992 World Youth Preparatory Forum for UNCED, San José, Costa Rica, March 1992.
• 1992 International NGO/Primary Health Group, Geneva, May 1992.
• 1992 Earth Summit/Global Forum, Rio de Janeiro, June 1992. [4 statements and a Peace Monument]
• 1992 Joint Conference on Social and Economic Development and the Baha'i­ Village, Landegg Academy, Switzerland, September 1992.
• 1993 Environment and Development, First Call for Children, Warsaw, March 1993.
• 1993 International NGO/Primary Health Group, Geneva, May 1993.
• 1993 Fourth Pacific Island Leaders' Conference, Tahiti Nui, June 1993. [1 statement]

4.3 Human Rights

• 1990 Baltic Sea Rally on Minorities and Human Rights, Bornholm, Denmark, July 1990. [1 statement]
• 1990 International Abolitionist Federation - 30th Congress, Geneva, September 1990.
• 1991 Third International Conference on Ways to Implement the 1981 UN Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination based on Religion or Belief, New Delhi, India, January 1991.
• 1993 International NGO Forum on Human Rights (CONGO), Vienna, June 1993.
• 1993 International NGO Consultation on Racism, Xenophobia, Ethnic and Racial Intolerance and Conflicts in preparation for the Third UN Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, Geneva, September 1993.

4.4 Peace

• 1990 First International Dialogue on the Transition to a Global Society, Landegg, Switzerland, September 1990.
• 1990 8th General Conference of the Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace, Ulan-Bator, Mongolia, September 1990. [1 statement]
• 1990 Together for Peace, The UN and the NGOs in a Changing World (CONGO), Geneva, October 1990.
• 1991 World Peace Day Association: A Priority for Peace, Geneva, June 1991. [1 statement]
• 1991 Meeting of Peace Messenger Organizations, Dagomys, USSR, June 1991. [2 statements]
• 1992 16th meeting of the Committee of Representatives of Governments and Administrations (CRGA) of the South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia, May 1992. [1 statement]
• 1992 Third International Dialogue on the Transition to Global Society: The Transition to a Just Society, Switzerland, September 1992.

4.5 United Nations/NGOs

• 1990 UNICEF NGO Forum, New York, April 1990.
• 1991 18^th General Assembly of the Conference of NGOs (CONGO), Geneva, October 1991.
• 1991 UNICEF NGO Forum, Kadoma, Zimbabwe, November 1991.
• 1992 CONGO Round Table on "Understanding the role of international NGOs: challenges and opportunities for the UN and NGOs"New York, April 1992. [1 statement]
• 1992 UNICEF NGO Forum, New York, April 1992.
• 1993 UNICEF NGO Forum, New York, April 1993.
• 1993 ECOSOC review of relations with NGOs, Geneva, September 1993.

4.6 Women/Family

• 1990 Advocates For African Food Security, Symposium V, New York, November 1990.
• 1991 Planning Committee Consultation for NGO Activities in Relation to the UN Fourth World Conference on Women (1995), Vienna, March 1991.
• 1991 Advocates for African Food Security, Symposium VI, New York, September 1991. [1 statement]
• 1991 Association of Women in Development (AWID) Conference, New York, November 1991.
• 1991 Learning Together/Working Together, conference organized by AWID, Washington, DC, USA, November 1991.
• 1992 Planning Committee Consultation for NGO Activities in Relation to the UN Fourth World Conference on Women (1995), Vienna, March 1992.
• 1992 Conference on the Role of Women in a United Europe, Landegg, Switzerland, October 1992.
• 1992 Fourth International Seminar "Family and Environment: A Partnership," sponsored by the NGO committee on the Family, Vienna, Austria, November-December 1992.
• 1993 World NGO Forum Launching the International Year of the Family (IYF), sponsored by NGO Committee on the Family and the UN IYF Secretariat, Malta, November 1993. [1 pamphlet]

Annex II to the 1993 Quadrennial Report

Baha'i­ International Community Statements, Reports, and Other Contributions toward the Work of the United Nations

1. Written statement to the 46^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, under item 24 of the provisional agenda, on the Implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief. Geneva, Switzerland; 25 January 1990. [UN document E/CN.4/1990/NGO/5]
2. Written statement to the 46^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, under item 17 (b) of the provisional agenda, on the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination. Geneva, Switzerland; 25 January 1990. [UN document E/CN.4/1990/NGO/7]
3. Written statement to the 46^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, under item 20 of the provisional agenda, on the Report of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities at Its 41^st session. Geneva, Switzerland; 26 January 1990. [UN document E/CN.4/1990/NGO/6]
4. Oral statement to the 46^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, under Agenda item 8 on the Question of the Realization of the Right to Development. Geneva, Switzerland; 9 February 1990.
5. Oral statement to the 46^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, under Agenda item 23 on the Implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of all Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination based on Religion or Belief. Geneva, Switzerland; 12 February 1990.
6. Oral statement to the 46^th session of the UN Commission on Human Rights on the Question of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in any part of the world (agenda item 12); Geneva, Switzerland; February 1990.
7. Joint statement submitted by the Advocates for African Food Security to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, 34^th session, under Agenda item 4 Priority Themes: Development: Negative effects of the international economic situation on the improvement of the status of women. Vienna, Austria; 26 February-9 March 1990.
8. Oral statement to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, 34^th session, under Agenda item 4 Priority Themes: (a) Equality: Equality in political participation and decision-making. Vienna, Austria; 26 February-9 March 1990.
9. Survey of Baha'i­ Education Programmes, published in January 1990 for distribution at the World Conference on Education for All. Jomtien, Thailand; 5-9 March 1990.
10. "NGOs and Literacy: Meeting Basic Learning Needs -- The Experience of Baha'i­ Communities," Round table discussion paper presented at the World Conference on Education for All. Jomtien, Thailand; 5-9 March 1990.
11. "The Teacher's Situation: The Determining Factor of a Quality Education for All," Round table discussion paper presented at the World Conference on Education for All. Jomtien, Thailand; 5-9 March 1990.
12. "The Education of Girls: Constraints and Policy Measures," Round table discussion paper presented at the World Conference on Education for All. Jomtien, Thailand; 5-9 March 1990.
13. "New Delivery Systems for Basic Education," Round table discussion paper presented to the World Conference on Education for All. Jomtien, Thailand; 5-9 March 1990.
14. Report submitted to the United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women, Vienna, Austria for use in preparation of background document on machinery for the integration of women in development, to be discussed at the 1991 session of the Commission on the Status of Women. Published in "Women 2000" No. 2, 1991.
15. Oral statement to the 8^th session of the Working Group on Indigenous Populations, under agenda item 4: Standard-setting activities: evolution of standards concerning the rights of indigenous populations. Geneva, Switzerland; 23 July-3 August 1990.
16. Oral statement to the 8^th session of the Working Group on Indigenous Populations, under agenda item 5: Review of developments pertaining to the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous populations (agenda item 5). Geneva, Switzerland; 23 July-3 August 1990.
17. Statement to the Baltic Sea Rally on Minorities and Human Rights. Bornholm, Denmark; 27 July 1990.
18. Statement on the importance of involving non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the UNCED process, presented to the first substantive session of the Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). Nairobi, Kenya; 6-31 August 1990.
19. Oral statement on Protection of Minorities to the 42^nd session of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. Geneva, Switzerland; 15 August 1990.
20. Oral statement to the 42^nd session of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities on the Question of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in any part of the world (agenda item 6). Geneva, Switzerland; August 1990.
21. Oral statement to the 42^nd session of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities on Measures to combat racism and racial discrimination and the role of the Sub-Commission (agenda item 5(a)). Geneva, Switzerland; August 1990.
22. "The Common Goal of Universal Peace in Buddhism and the Baha'i­ Faith," a paper delivered to the Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace. Ulan Bator, Mongolia; 16-25 September 1990.
23. Statement on the Proposed World Conservation Strategy for the 1990's, delivered to the General Assembly of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). Perth, Australia; 26 November 1990.
24. "A Baha'i­ perspective on drug abuse prevention" by A.M. Ghadirian, Baha'i­ International Community, Professor, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, in Bulletin on Narcotics Vol. XLIII, No. 1, 1991, published by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme.
25. Report on Baha'i­ International Community activities in support of International Literacy Year, 1990, presented to the International Task Force on Literacy. Bonn, Germany; 4-8 February 1991.
26. Report on the Book Voyage, a project of the International Task Force on Literacy in support of International Literacy Year, 1990, culminating in New York on 10-11 December 1990. Report presented to the International Task Force on Literacy. Bonn, Germany; 4-8 February 1991.
27. Joint NGO statement on the International Year of the Family to the 32^nd session of the Commission on Social Development. Vienna, Austria; 11-20 February 1991.
28. Joint NGO statement to the 47^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights under Item 24. Status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Geneva; 24 February 1991.
29. Oral statement to the 47^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights on the Question of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in any part of the world (agenda item 12). Geneva; February 1991.
30. Written statement to the 47^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights on the Rights of persons belonging to national, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities (agenda item 20). Geneva, February 1991.
31. Oral statement to the 47^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights on Implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief (agenda item 22). Geneva, February 1991.
32. Joint statement to the 35^th session of the Commission on the Status of Women, priority theme: Peace: Refugee and displaced women and children. Vienna, Austria; 27 February to 5 March.
33. Joint statement by the Advocates for African Food Security: lessening the burden for women to the 35^th session of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, under agenda item 4: Monitoring the implementation of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women. Vienna, Austria; 27 February to 5 March.
34. Comments on the Questionnaire annexed to the Special Rapporteur's progress report on "Possible ways and means of facilitating the peaceful and constructive solutions of situations involving minorities." Geneva, Switzerland; March 1991.
35. Joint NGO statement to the second session of the Preparatory Committee (PREPCOM) for the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) on the interrelationship between population and environment and development and the essential role of women in these processes. UNCED PREPCOM 2, Geneva, Switzerland; 18 March-5 April 1991.
36. "Elements for Inclusion in the Proposed 'Earth Charter' offered to the Preparatory Committee of The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)." Geneva, Switzerland; 5 April 1991.
37. UNICEF Questionnaire for database on NGO's in consultative status, submitted to the UNICEF NGO Office in Geneva, 11 April 1991.
38. Listing for the Baha'i­ International Community submitted to the United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees (UNHCR) for their directory of NGO's. Geneva, Switzerland; 20 April 1991.
39. Statement on the Girl Child, presented to the 1991 Session of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Executive Board, under agenda item "Women in development." New York City, USA; 22 April 1991.
40. Statement on Health and Nutrition presented to the Committee of Representatives of Governments and Administrations (CARGA) of the South Pacific Commission (SPC). Noumea, New Caledonia; 27-31 May 1991.
41. "Culture and Development: A Survey of the Baha'i­ Experience," presented at a seminar on the UN World Decade for Cultural Development, sponsored by UNESCO and the NGO Committee for Sustainable Development at UN Headquarters. New York City, USA; May 29, 1991.
42. Statement to the World Peace Day Association on "A Priority for Peace -- 1991"; Geneva, Switzerland; 4 June 1991.
43. Written contribution to a document being prepared by the World Peace Day Association for presentation to the Meeting of Peace Messenger Organizations. Dagomys, USSR; 10-14 June 1991.
44. Oral statement by the Baha'i­ International Community and the NSAs of Brazil and Belgium to the Meeting of Peace Messenger Organizations; Dagomys, USSR; 10-14 June 1991.
45. Proposal for the Improvement of the working methods of the Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities with regard to the role of NGOs; Geneva, Switzerland; August 1991.
46. Oral statement to the 43^rd session of the Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, on the question of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in any part of the world; Geneva, Switzerland; August 1991.
47. Women and Men: Partnership for a Healthy Planet. Statement presented to the World Women's Congress for a Healthy Planet; Miami, Florida, USA; 8-14 August 1991.
48. International Legislation for Environment and Development. Statement presented to the International Environmental Law Conference; The Hague; 12-16 August 1991.
49. International Legislation for Environment and Development. A Statement presented to Working Group III of the Third session of the Preparatory Committee for The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). Geneva, Switzerland; August 1991.
50. Joint statement from the Advocates VI Symposium; 5 September 1991.
51. Oral intervention for the first session of the Preparatory Committee for the World conference on Human Rights. Geneva, Switzerland; 11 September 1991.
52. Contribution to the Report on Institutional Proposals by the Secretary General of the Conference, Paragraph 89, prepared for presentation to United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) PREPCOM 4, Working Group III, Agenda item 4, New York, USA, 2 March-3 April 1992; contribution submitted 13 December 1991.
53. Report submitted to the United Nations Regional Symposium on Co-operation between the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) for Rural Poverty Alleviation, focusing on disadvantaged women. Bangkok, Thailand; 16 December 1991.
54. Written statement to the 48^th session of the Commission on Human Rights on the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, submitted under Agenda item 14. Geneva, Switzerland; February 1992.
55. Oral statement to the 48^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights on the rights of persons belonging to national, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, presented under agenda item 18. Geneva, Switzerland; February 1992.
56. Oral statement to the 48^th session of the Commission on Human Rights on Implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, presented under agenda item 22. Geneva, Switzerland; February 1992.
57. Oral statement to the 48^th session of the Commission on Human Rights on the Question of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in any part of the world, presented under agenda item 12. Geneva, Switzerland; 19 February 1992.
58. Joint statement on Priority Themes: Equality (Elimination of de jure and de facto discrimination against women) and Development (Integration of women in the process of development) to the 36th session of the Commission on the Status of Women's. Vienna, Austria; 20 February 1992. [E/CN.6/1992/1.]
59. Written statement on partnership between women and men for sustainable development, submitted under Priority Theme Development, to the 1992 Commission on the Status of Women; Vienna, Austria; 11 March 1992.
60. Oral statement about the effects of gender discrimination on girl children, submitted under Priority Theme Equality, to the 1992 Commission on the Status of Women; Vienna, Austria; 17 March 1992.
61. Oral statement urging the inclusion of the principle of the oneness of humanity in the preamble to the Earth Charter, presented to Working Group III of PREPCOM 4 for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). New York, USA; 4 March 1992.
62. Comments on "An approach Paper: Rio de Janeiro Charter/Declaration on Environment and Development" given to representatives of Working Group III at PREPCOM 4. (16 March, 1992)
63. Comments on L.20/Rev.1 -- Rio de Janeiro Charter/Declaration on Environment and Development presented to representatives of Working Group III at PREPCOM 4; New York, USA; 2 March-3 April 1992.
64. Joint statement about regional meetings presented under agenda item 10 to the World Conference on Human Rights Preparatory Committee Second Session; Geneva, Switzerland; 30 March-10 April 1992.
65. Joint statement on the human rights of women authored by the Baha'i­ International Community and presented under agenda item 5 to the World Conference on Human Rights Preparatory Committee Second Session; Geneva, Switzerland; 30 March-10 April 1992. Presented 6 April 1992.
66. Written description of the Baha'i­ International Community, submitted to the Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) for a Round Table on "Understanding the role of international non-governmental organizations: challenges and opportunities for the United Nations and Non-Governmental Organizations"; New York, USA; 9 April 1992.
67. "Restructuring the International Order,"Oral statement to the sixteenth meeting of the Committee of Representatives of Governments and Administrations (CRGA) of the South Pacific Commission; Noumea, New Caledonia; 18-22 May 1992.
68. "The Most Vital Challenge," statement to the plenary of the United Nations Conference of Environment and Development (UNCED, Earth Summit '92); Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 4 June 1992.
69. "Tomorrow Belongs to the Children: Contribution to Earth Summit '92," Baha'i­ publication, supported by UNICEF and sponsored by Asm� (Masour Association for Family Welfare and Education).
70. "The Earth Charter/Rio de Janeiro Declaration and the Oneness of Humanity," presented to the NGO Forum; Rio; June 1992.
71. "Spiritual Foundations for an Ecologically Sustainable Society" -- Baha'i­ International Community republication of an article originally published in The Journal of Baha'i­ Studies (vol. 2, no. 1).
72. Values, Institutions and Leadership for a Sustainable Future: Towards a Framework for Developing Moral Leadership, prepared by Eloy Anello. A reflection document from a Symposium sponsored by the Baha'i­ International Community '92 Global forum; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; June 1992.
73. Peace Monument, a gift to the people of Rio de Janeiro from the Baha'i­ International Community and the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'i­s of Brazil, inaugurated at the '92 Global Forum, Rio de Janeiro, 14 June 1992.
74. Statement on the violation of human rights in any part of the world, delivered to the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Protection of Minorities; Geneva, Switzerland; 15 August 1992.
75. Submission to members of the Human Rights Committee entitled "The Compliance of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as it may concern the human rights situation of the Baha'i­ community in Iran"; Geneva, Switzerland; October 1992.
76. "Cultural Development: A Baha'i­ Perspective" A speech delivered to the South Pacific Conference by Tinai Hancock, Director Baha'i­ International Community Office for the Pacific Region; 28 October 1992.
77. "From UNCED to IYF: The Human Family," a document presented to the Fourth International Seminar "Family and Environment: A Partnership," sponsored by the NGO Committee on the Family; Vienna, Austria; 30 November-1 December 1992.
78. "The Earth One Country, Mankind its Citizens," an article submitted by the Office of the Environment and appearing in Masterworks of Man and Nature: Preserving Our World Heritage, published by Harper MacRae with editorial assistance from UNESCO and IUCN.
79. Written statement to the 49^th session of the Commission on Human Rights on the Draft Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; Geneva, Switzerland; February 1993.
80. Oral statement on extreme poverty presented to the 49^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Agenda item 7: Question of the realization in all countries of the economic, social and cultural rights contained in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and study of special problems which the developing countries face in their efforts to achieve these human rights, including: problems related to the right to enjoy an adequate standard of living; foreign debt, economic adjustment policies and their effects on the full enjoyment of human rights and, in particular, on the implementation of the Declaration on the Right to Development; Geneva, Switzerland; 12 February 1993.
81. Oral statement to the 49^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, agenda item 22: Implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination based on Religion or Belief; Geneva, Switzerland; 18 February 1993.
82. Joint NGO statement presented to the 49^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, under agenda item 24 (a): Status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child; Geneva, Switzerland; 8 March 1993.
83. Oral statement to the 49^th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, agenda item 12 : Question of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms; Geneva, Switzerland; 10 March 1993.
84. Written statement to the 37^th session of the Commission on the Status of Women, agenda item 5, Priority themes: Peace: Women and the Peace Process; Vienna, Austria; 15-26 March 1993.
85. Joint NGO statement on partnership between women and men, presented under "Preparations for the Fourth World Conference on Women" to the 37^th session of the Commission on the Status of Women; Vienna, Austria; March 1993.
86. Submission to members of the Human Rights Committee entitled "The Implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by the Islamic Republic of Iran as it may concern the situation of the Baha'i­ community; Geneva, Switzerland; March 1993."
87. Written statement submitted to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights at its 8^th session; Geneva, Switzerland; 10-28 May 1993.
88. Rebuttal to the statement made by the Iranian Delegation to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; Geneva, Switzerland; 19 May 1993.
89. Updated entry for Development Education: A Directory of Non-Governmental Practitioners, prepared by the Non-Governmental Liaison Service office; Geneva, Switzerland; 26 May 1993.
90. "Approaching Men to Improve Lives for Women" article about the BIC/UNIFEM project appearing in UNIFEM News; June 1993.
91. Statement to the World Conference on Human Rights on the obstacles to progress in the area of human rights and ways to overcome them, agenda item 9; Vienna, Austria; 14-25 June 1993.
92. Statement to the World Conference on Human Rights on the relationship between development, democracy and the universal enjoyment of all human rights, keeping in view the interrelationship and indivisibility of economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights, agenda item 10; Vienna, Austria; 14-25 June 1993.
93. Statement to the World Conference on Human Rights on the challenges to the full realization of all human rights of women and men, including those of persons belonging to vulnerable groups, agenda item 11; Vienna, Austria; 14-25 June 1993.
94. Joint statement to the World Conference on Human Right on promoting religious tolerance Presented by the Baha'i­ International Community on behalf of the non-governmental organizations affiliated with the NGO Committee on Freedom of Religion or Belief; Vienna, Austria; 14-25 June 1993.
95. World Citizenship: A Global Ethic for Sustainable Development, a concept paper shared at the first session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development; New York, USA; 14-25 June 1993.
96. World Citizenship: A Global Ethic for Sustainable Development, a statement to the Fourth Pacific Islands Leaders Conference; Tahiti Nui; 24-26 June 1993.
97. The Baha'i­ Question: Iran's Secret Blueprint for the Destruction of a Religious Community, an examination of the Persecution of the Baha'i­s of Iran 1970-1993; June 1993.
98. Report to the United Nations Human Rights Committee on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by the Arab Republic of Egypt as it may concern the situation of the Baha'i­ community; July 1993.
99. Oral statement presented to the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, on the question of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in any part of the world; Geneva, Switzerland; August 1993.
100. Oral statement on religious tolerance presented to the UN Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities; Geneva, Switzerland; August 1993.
101. Baha'i­ International Community Activities Contributing to the Attainment of the Goals Set by the World Summit for Children. Report to the 2nd meeting of the Chief Executive Officers of the World Summit for Children; October 1993.
102. Rebuttal to the statement made by the Iranian Delegation to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 19 May 1993; 1 November 1993.
103. The Family in a World Community, a pamphlet first distributed at the World NGO Forum Launching the International Year of the Family (IYF); Malta; November 1993.
104. Written comments on the draft declaration on the right and responsibility of individuals, groups and organs of society to promote and protect universally recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms, submitted to the 1994 Commission on Human Rights in accordance with resolution 1993/92 of the Commission on Human Rights; 3 December 1993.